89 the separate carpels are numerous and are arranged in a spiral cycle upon an elongated axis or the raspberry the carpels are on a conical receptacle; in the strawberry, on a swollen succulent flower delivery provo utah fig. 88, on a hollow the carpels are united, as in the pear, arbutus and chickweed, the pistil becomes number of carpels in a pistil is indicated by the Greek numeral.

A flower with a simple pistil is monogynous; with two carpels, digynous; with three carpels, trigynous, c. article The ovules are attached to the placenta, which consists of a mass of cellular tissue, through which the nourishing vessels pass to the placenta is usually formed on the edges of the carpellary leaf fig.

In many cases, however, the placentas are formations from the axis axile, and are not connected with the carpellary marginal placentation the part of the carpel bearing the placenta is the inner or ventral suture, flower delivery provo utah to the margin of the folded carpellary leaf, while the outer or dorsal suture corresponds to the midrib of the carpellary the placenta is formed on each margin of the flower delivery provo utah it is essentially is seen in cases where the margins of the carpel do not unite, but remain separate, and consequently two placentas are formed in place of the pistil is formed by one carpel the inner margins unite and form usually a common marginal placenta, which may extend FIG.

1 ovules, developing to form Y g 9, the fruit. apocarpous, there are generally separ ate placentas at each of their a syncarpous pistil, on the other hand, the carpels are so united that the edges of flower delivery provo utah of the contiguous ones, by their union, form a septum or dissepiment, and the number of these septa consequently indicates the number of carpels in the compound pistil fig.

article - Diagrammatic section of a quinquelocular ovary, composed of five carpels, the edges of which are folded inwards, and meet in the centre forming the septa, s. The ovules o are attached to a central placenta, formed by the union of the five ventral suture, 1. - Diagrammatic section of a flower delivery provo utah ovary, in which the edges of the carpels, bearing the placentas and ovules o, are not folded placentas are parietal, and the ovules appear sessile on the walls of the ovary is unilocular.

dissepiments flower delivery provo utah to the centre or axis, the ovary is divided into cavities or cells, and it may be bilocular, trilocular fig.

92, quadrilocular, quinquelocular, or multilocular, according as it is formed by two, three, four, five or flower delivery provo utah carpels, each carpel corresponding to a single these cases the marginal placentas meet flower delivery provo utah the axis, and unite so as to form a single central one figs. 92, 93, and the ovules appear in the central angle of the the carpels in a syncarpous pistil do not fold inwards so that the placentas appear as projections on the walls of the ovary, then the ovary is unilocular fig.

95 and the placentas are parietal, as in Viola fig. In these instances the placentas may be formed at the margin of the united contiguous leaves, so as to appear single, or the margins may not be united, each developing a the margins of the carpels, which fold in to the centre, split there into two lamellae, each of which is curved outwards and projects into the FIG.

article - Transverse section of the fruit of the Melon Cucumis Melo, showing the placentas with the seeds attached to three carpels forming the pepo are separated by the centre, processes go to circumference, ending in curved placentas bearing the ovules.

- Diagrammatic section of a compound unilocular ovary, in which there are no indications of ovules o are attached to a free central placenta, which has no connexion flower delivery provo utah the walls of the ovary. loculament, dilating at the end into a is well seen in Cucurbitaceae fig.

The carpellary fold inwards very slightly, flower delivery provo utah they may be applied in a valvate manner, merely touching at their margins, the placentas then being parietal fig.

94, and appearing as lines or thickenings along the occur, however, in which the placentas are not connected with the walls of the ovary, and flower delivery provo utah what is called a free central placenta fig.

This is seen in many of the Caryophyllaceae and Primulaceae figs. In Caryophyllaceae, however, while the placenta is free in the centre, there are often traces found at the base of the ovary of the remains of septa, as if rupture had taken place, and, in rare instances, ovules flower delivery provo utah found on the margins of the in Primulaceae no vestiges of septa or marginal ovules flower delivery provo utah be perceived at any period of growth; the placenta is always free, and rises in the centre of the central placentation, there fore, has been accounted for in two ways either by supposing that flower delivery provo utah placentas in the early state were formed on the margins of 2 FIG.

article - The same cut horizontally, and the halves separated so as to show the interior of the cavity of the ovary o, with the free central placenta p, covered with ovules g. carpellary leaves, and that in the progress flower delivery provo utah development these leaves separated from them, leaving the placentas and ovules free in the centre; or by supposing that the placentas are not marginal but axile formations, produced by an elongation of the axis, and the carpels verticillate leaves, united together around the first of these views applies to Caryophyllaceae, the second to Primulaceae.

The ovary is usually of a more or less spherical or curved form, sometimes smooth and uniform on flower delivery wisconsin surface, at other times hairy and grooves usually indicate the divisions between the carpels and correspond to the dorsal suture may be marked by a slight projection or by a superficial the ovary is situated on the centre of the receptacle, free from the other whorls, so that its base is above the insertion of the stamens, it is termed superior, as in Lychnis, Primula fig.

When the margin of the receptacle is prolonged upwards, carrying with it the floral envelopes and stamina leaves, the basal portion of the flower delivery provo utah being formed by the receptacle, and the carpellary leaves alone closing in the apex, the ovary is inferior, as in pomegranate, aralia fig.

In some plants, as many Saxifragaceae, a there are intermediate forms, in which the term half-inferior is applied to the ovary, whilst the floral whorls are halfsuperior. article The divisions of the stigma mark the number of carpels which compose the in Campanula a five-cleft stigma indicates flower delivery provo utah carpels; in Bignoniaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Acanthaceae, the two-lobed or bilamellar stigma indicates a bilocular ovary.

covered by a hood, in calabar lobes of a stigma are flat and pointed as in Mimulus and Bignonia, fleshy and blunt, smooth or granular, or they are feathery, as in many grasses fig. Flower delivery provo utah and other windpollinated Orchidaceae the stigma is situated on the anterior surface flower delivery provo utah the column beneath the Asclepiadaceae the stigmas are united to the face of the anthers, and along with them form a solid mass.

the carpellary leaves, but are also formed over the whole surface of the leaf, as in other instances they rise The the floral axis itself, either terminal, as in Poly gonaceae and Piperaceae, or lateral, as in Primulaceae and ovule is usually contained in an ovary, and all plants in which the ovule is so enclosed are termed flower delivery provo utah but in Coniferae and Cycadaceae it has no proper ovarian covering, and is called naked, these orders being denominated Cycas flower delivery provo utah altered leaf, upon the margin of which the ovule is produced, and the peltate scales, from which they are pendulous in Zamia, are regarded by all botanists as carpellary for the Coniferae great discussion has arisen regarding the morphology of parts in many carpellary leaves are sometimes united in such a way as to leave an opening at the apex of the pistil, so that the ovules are exposed, as in Leontice thalictroides Blue Cohosh, species of Ophiopogon, Peliosanthes and Stateria, the ovary ruptures immediately after flowering, and the ovules are exposed; and in species of Cuphea the placenta ultimately bursts through the ovary and flower delivery provo utah, and becomes erect, bearing the exposed ovule is attached to the placenta either directly, when it is flower delivery provo utah, or by means of a prolongation funicle fig.

This cord sometimes becomes much elongated after part by which the ovule is attached to the placenta or cord is its base or hilum, the opposite extremity being its latter is frequently turned round in such a way as to approach the ovule is sometimes embedded in the placenta, as in Hydnora. article - Orthotropous ovule of Polygonum in section, showing the embryo-sac s, in the nucellus n, the different ovular coverings, the base of the nucellus or chalaza ch, and the apex of the ovule with its micropyle flower delivery provo utah. - Vertical section of the ovule of the Austrian Pine Pinus austriaca, showing the nucellus a, consisting of delicate cellular tissue containing deep flower delivery provo utah its substance an embryo-sac b.

The flower delivery provo utah appears at first as a small cellular projection from the cells multiply until they assume a more or less enlarged ovate form constituting what has been called the nucellus fig. 106, n, or central cellular mass of the nucellus may remain naked, and alone flower delivery provo utah the ovule, as in some orders of parasitic plants flower delivery provo utah as Balanophoraceae, Santalaceae, c.

; but in most plants it becomes surrounded by certain coverings or integuments during its appear first in the form of cellular rings at the base of the nucellus, which gradually spread over its surface figs. In some cases only one covering is formed, especially amongst flower delivery provo utah dicotyledons, as in Compositae, Campanulaceae, also in walnut, c.

But usually besides the single covering another is developed subsequently fig. 106, o, which gradually extends over that first formed, and ultimately covers it completely, except at the are thus two integuments to the nucellus, an outer flower delivery provo utah an integuments do not completely invest the apex of the nucellus, but an opening termed the micropyle is micropyle indicates the organic apex of the ovule. A single cell of the nucellus enlarges greatly to form the embryo-sac or megaspore fig.

This embryo-sac increases in size, gradually supplanting the cellular tissue of the nucellus until it is surrounded only by a thin layer of it; or it may actually extend at the apex beyond it, as in Phaseolus and Alsine media; or it may pass into the micropyle, as in Gymnosperms it usually remains deep in the nucellus and surrounded by a thick mass of cellular tissue fig.