Article In Gymnosperms, which represent the more primitive X. 1S a type of seed-plants, the microor macro-sporophylls are generally associated, often in large numbers, in separate cones, to which the term " flower " has been there is san diego flower balloon delivery flower delivery san angelo texas of opinion as to the relation between these cones and the more definite and elaborate structure known as the flower san diego flower balloon delivery the higher group of seed-plantsthe Angiosperms - and it is to this more definite structure that we san diego flower balloon delivery refer in using the term " flower.

" Flowers are produced from flower-buds, just as leaf-shoots arise from two kinds of buds have a resemblance to each other as regards the arrangement and the development of their parts; and it sometimes happens, from injury and other causes, that the part of the axis which, in ordinary cases, would produce a leaf-bud, gives origin to a flower-bud. A flower-bud has not in ordinary circumstances any power of extension by the continuous development of its this respect it differs from a some cases, however, of monstrosity, especially seen in the rose fig.

1, the central part is prolonged, and bears leaves or such cases the flowers, so far as their functional capabilities are concerned, are usually phenomenon is known as proliferation of the floral axis. article When bracts become coloured, as in Amherstia nobilis, Euphorbia splendens, Erica elegans and Salvia splendens, they may be mistaken for parts of the are sometimes mere scales or threads, and at other times are undeveloped, giving rise to the ebracteate inflorescence of Cruciferae and some they are empty, no flower-buds being produced in their axil.

A series of empty coloured bracts terminates the inflorescence of Salvia smaller bracts or bracteoles, which occur among the subdivisions of a branching inflorescence, often produce no flower-buds, and thus anomalies occur in the floral are occasionally persistent, remaining long attached to the base of the peduncles, but more usually they are deciduous, falling off early by san diego flower balloon delivery some instances they form part of the fruit, becoming incorporated with other organs.

Thus, the cones of firs and san diego flower balloon delivery stroboli of the hop are composed of a san diego flower balloon delivery of spirally arranged bracts covering fertile flowers; and the scales on the fruit of the pine-apple are of the same the base of the general umbel in umbelliferous plants a whorl of bracts often exists, called a general involucre, and at the base of the smaller umbels or umbellules there is a similar leafy whorl called an involucel or partial some instances, as in fools-parsley, there is no general involucre, but simply an involucel; while in other san diego flower balloon delivery, as in fennel or dill fig.

15, neither involucre nor involucel is Compositae the name involucre is applied to the bracts surrounding the head FIG. - Head capitulumof Marigold Calendula, showing a congeries of flowers, enclosed by rows of bracts, i, at the base, which are collectively called an involucre. article 2, i, as in marigold, dandelion, daisy, involucre is frequently composed of several rows of leaflets, which are either of the same or of different forms and lengths, and often lie over each other in an imbricated leaves of the involucre are spiny in thistles and in teazel Dipsacus, and hooked in whorled or verticillate bracts generally remain separate polyphyllous, but may be united by cohesion gamophyllous, as in many species of Bupleurum and in Compositae besides the involucre there are frequently chaffy and setose bracts at the base of each flower, and in Dipsacaceae a membranous tube surrounds each structures are of the nature of an the acorn the cupule or cup fig.

3 is formed by a growing san diego flower balloon delivery of the flower-stalk immediately beneath the flower, upon which scaly or spiny protuberances appear; it is of the nature of also compose the husky covering of the hazel-nut.

When san diego flower balloon delivery become united, and overlie each other in several rows, it often happens that the outer ones do not produce flowers, that is, are empty or the artichoke the outer imbricated scales or bracts are in this condition, and it is from the membranous white scales or bracts paleae forming the choke attached to the edible receptacle that the flowers are sterile bracts of the daisy occasionally produce capitula, and give rise to the hen-and-chickens place of developing flower-buds, bracts may, in certain circumstances, as in proliferous or viviparous plants, produce leaf-buds.

article A sheathing bract enclosing one or several flowers is called a is common among Monocotyledons, as Narcissus fig. 4, snow-flake, Arum and some palms it is 20 ft. long, and encloses 200,000 is often associated with that form of inflorescence termed the spadix, and may be coloured, as in Anthuriuzn, or white, as in arum lily Richardia aethiopica.

When the spadix is compound or branching, as in palms, there are smaller spathes, surrounding separate parts of the spathe protects the flowers in their young state, and often falls off after they are developed, or hangs down From Strasburgers Lehrbuch san diego flower balloon delivery Botanik, by permission of Gustav Fischer.

in a withered form, as in some palms, Typha and grasses the outer scales or glumes of the san diego flower balloon delivery are sterile bracts fig. 5, gl; and in Cyperaceae bracts enclose the organs of are frequently changed into complete change is called phyllody of bracts, and is seen in species of Plantago, especially in the variety of Plantago media, called the rose-plantain in gardens, where the bracts become leafy and form a rosette round the flowering changes occur in Plantago major, P.

lanceolata, Ajuga reptans, dandelion, san diego flower balloon delivery, dahlia and in san diego flower balloon delivery conversion of bracts into stamens staminody of bracts has been observed in the san diego flower balloon delivery of A bies excelsa.

A lengthening of the axis of the female strobilus of Coniferae is not of infrequent occurrence in Cryptomeria japonica, larch Larix europaea, c.and this is usually associated with a leaf-like condition of the bracts, and sometimes even with the development of leaf-bearing shoots in place of the scales. article The arrangement of the flowers on the axis, or the ramification of the floral axis, is called the primary axis of the inflorescence is sometimes called the rachis; its branches, whether terminal or lateral, which form the stalks supporting flowers or clusters of flowers, are peduncles, and if small branches are given off by it, they are called pedicels.

A flower having a stalk is called pedunculate or pedicel- christmas flower delivery one having no stalk is describing a branching inflorescence, it is common to speak of the rachis as the primary floral san diego flower balloon delivery, its branches as the secondary floral axes, their divisions as the tertiary floral axes, and so on; thus avoiding any confusion that might arise from the use of the terms rachis, peduncle and pedicel.

The peduncle is simple, bearing a single flower, as in primrose; or branched, as san diego flower balloon delivery London-pride.

- Peduncle of Fig It is sometimes succulent, as in Carica, ending in a the cashew, in which it forms the receptacle, enclosing large coloured expansion supnumerous male and female porting the nut; spiral, as in and Vallisneria; or spiny, as in Alyssum the peduncle proceeds from radical leaves, that is, from an axis which is so shortened san diego flower balloon delivery to bring the leaves close together in the form of a cluster, as in the primrose, auricula or hyacinth, it is termed a scape.

The floral axis may be shortened, assuming a flattened, convex or concave form, and bearing numerous flowers, as in the arti choke, daisy and fig fig. The floral axis sometimes appears as if formed by several peduncles united together, constituting a fasciated axis, as in the cockscomb, in which the flowers form a peculiar crest san diego flower balloon delivery the apex of the flattened occasionally take place between the peduncle and the bracts or leaves of the plant, as in the lime-tree fig.

The san diego flower balloon delivery of the peduncles to the stem accounts for the extraaxillary position of flowers, as in many this union extends for a considerable length along the san diego flower balloon delivery, several leaves may be interposed between the san diego flower balloon delivery where the peduncle becomes free and the leaf whence it originated, and it may be difficult to trace the peduncle occasionally becomes abortive, and in place of bearing a flower, is transformed into a tendril; at other times it is hollowed at the apex, so as apparently to form the lower part of the outer whorl of floral leaves as in Eschscholtzia.

The termination of the peduncle, or the part on which the whorls of the flower are arranged, is called the thalamus, torus or receptacle. There are two distinct types of inflorescence - one in which the flowers arise as lateral shoots from a primary axis, which goes on elongating, and the lateral shoots never exceed in their development the length of the primary axis beyond their point of flowers are thus always axillary.

Exceptions, such as in cruciferous plants, are due to the non-appearance of the the other type the primary axis terminates FIG. - Head of flowerscapitulum of Honduras flower delivery inflorescence is simple and indeterminate, and the expansion of the flowers centripetal, those at the circumference opening first.

article From VinesStudents Text-Book of Botany, by per- mission of Swan Sonnenschein Co, La in a single flower, but lateral axes are given off from the axils san diego flower balloon delivery the bracts, which again repeat the primary axis; flower delivery brighton uk development of each lateral san diego flower balloon delivery is stronger than that of the primary axis beyond its point of flowers produced in this inflorescence are thus first san diego flower balloon delivery of inflorescence is indeterminate, Here the axis is either elongated, FIG.

- Inflorescence of the Lime Tilia platyphyllos nat. producing flower-buds as it grows, the lower expanding first fig. 8, or it is shortened and depressed, and the outer flowers expand first fig. The flower delivery 78056 of the flowers is thus centripetal, that is, from base to apex, or from circumference to centre. The second kind of inflorescence is determinate, definite or this the axis is either elongated and ends in a solitary flower, which thus terminates the axis, and if are produced, they belong to secondary axes farther from the centre; or the axis is shortened and flat tened, producing a number of separate floral axes, the central f one expanding first, while the others are developed in succession farther san diego flower balloon delivery the expansion of the flowers is in this case centrifugal, that is, from apex to base, or from centre to san diego flower balloon delivery illustrated in fig.

10, Ranunculus bulbosus; a is the primary axis swollen at the base in a bulb-like manner b, and with roots proceeding from it. From the leaves which are radical proceeds the axis ending in a solitary terminal flower f.

About the middle of this axis there is a leaf or delivery birthday flowers local florist, from which a secondary floral axis a" is produced, ending in a single flower san diego flower balloon delivery advanced than the flower f.

This secondary axis bears a leaf also, from which san diego flower balloon delivery tertiary floral axis a" is produced, bearing san diego flower balloon delivery unexpanded solitary flower f". From this san diego flower balloon delivery axis a fourth is in progress of f is the termination of the san diego flower balloon delivery axis, and this flower expands first, while the other flowers are developed centrifugally on separate axes.

article A third series san diego flower balloon delivery inflorescences, termed mixed, may be them the primary axis has an arrangement belonging to the opposite type from that of the branches, or vice to the mode and degree of development of the lateral shoots and also of the bracts, various forms of both inflorescences result.

Amongst indefinite forms the simplest occurs when a lateral shoot produced in the axil of a large single foliage leaf of the plant ends in a single flower, the axis of the plant elongating beyond, as in Veronica hederifolia, Vinca san diego flower balloon delivery and Lysimachia nemorum.

The flower in san diego flower balloon delivery case is solitary, and the ordinary leaves become bracts by producing flower-buds in place of leaf-buds; their number, like that of the leaves of this main axis, is indefinite, varying with the san diego flower balloon delivery of the plant. Usually, however, the floral axis, arising from a more or less altered leaf or bract, instead of ending in a solitary flower, is prolonged, san diego flower balloon delivery bears numerous bracteoles, from which smaller peduncles are produced, and those again in their turn may be branched in a similar the flowers are san diego flower balloon delivery in groups, and frequently very complicated forms of inflorescence the primary peduncle or floral axis, as in fig.

8, is elongated, and gives off pedicels, ending in san diego flower balloon delivery flowers, a raceme is produced, san diego flower balloon delivery in currant, hyacinth and barberry.

H the secondary floral axes give rise to tertiary ones, the raceme is branching, and forms a panicle, as in Yucca in a raceme the lower flowerstalks are developed more strongly than the upper, and thus all the flowers are nearly on a level, a corymb is formed,which may be simple, as in fig. II, where the primary axis a gives off secondary axes a", a", which end in single flowers; or branching, where the secondary axes again the pedicels are very short or wanting, so that the flowers are sessile, a spike is produced, as in Plantago and vervain Verbena officinalis fig.

If the spike bears unisexual flowers, as in willow or hazel fig. 13, it is an amentum or catkin, hence such trees are called amentiferous; at other times it becomes succulent, bearing numerous flowers, surrounded by a sheathing bract or spathe, and then it constitutes a spadix, which may be simple, as in Arum maculatum fig.

A spike bearing female flowers only, and covered with scales, is a strobilus, as in the grasses FIG. - Corymb of Cerasus Mahaleb, terminating an abortive branch, at the base of which san diego flower balloon delivery modified leaves in the form of scales, e.

a, Primary axis; a", secondary axes bearing flowers; b, bract in the axils of which the secondary axes arise. article - Spike of San diego flower balloon delivery Verbena officinalis, showing sessile flowers on a common flowers at the lower part of the spike have passed into fruit, those towards the middle are in full bloom, and those at the top are only in bud.

- Amentum or catkin of Hazel CorylusAvellana, consisting of an axis or rachis covered with bracts in the form of scales, each of which covers a male flower, the stamens of which are seen projecting beyond the catkin falls off in a mass, separating from the branch by an ithaca ny flower delivery. there are usually numerous sessile flowers arranged in small spikes, called locustae or spikelets, which are either set closely along a central axis, or produced on secondary axes formed by the branching of the central one; san diego flower balloon delivery the latter form the term panicle is applied.

If the primary axis, in place of being elongated, is contracted, it gives rise to other forms of indefinite the axis is so shortened that the secondary axes arise from a common point, and spread san diego flower balloon delivery as radii of nearly equal length, each ending in a single flower or dividing again in a similar radiating manner, an umbel is produced, as in fig.