27, Capparidaceae, and some other plants, the ovary is raised upon a distinct stalk termed the gynophore; it is thus separated from the stamens, and is said to be the successive whorls of the flower, disposed from birthday flowers free delivery upwards or from without inwards upon the floral axis, are of the same number of parts, or are a multiple of the same number of parts, those of one whorl alternating with those of the whorls next it.

article In the more primitive types of flowers the torus is more or less convex, and the series of organs follow in regular succession, culminating in the carpels, in the birthday flowers free delivery of which the growth of the axis is closed fig. This arrangement is known as hypogynous, the other series calyx, corolla and stamens being beneath hypo- the other cases, the apex of the growing point ceases to develop, and the parts below form a cup around it, from the rim of which the outer members of the flower are developed around peri- the carpels, which are formed from the apex of the growing-point at the bottom of the arrangement is known as perigynous fig.

In many cases this is carried farther and a cavity is formed which is roofed over The flower stamens and FIG. - Monochlamydeous apetalous flower of Goosefoot Chenopodium, consisting of a single perianth calyx of five parts, enclosing five stamens, which are opposite the divisions of the perianth, owing to birthday flowers free delivery absence of the petals.

- Stamen, consisting of a filament stalk f and an anther a, containing the pollen p, which is discharged through slits in the two lobes of the anther.

article The pistil is placed on the receptacle r, at birthday flowers free delivery extremity of the peduncle. - Calyx and pistil of Fraxinella Dictamnus Fraxinella. The pistil consists of several carpels, birthday flowers free delivery are elevated on a stalk or gynophore prolonged from the receptacle. by the carpels, so that the outer members of the flower spring from the edge of the receptacle which is immediately above the ovary epigynous, hence the term epigyny fig.

When a flower consists of parts arranged in whorls it is said to be cyclic, and if all the whorls have an equal number of parts and are alternate it is eucyclic figs. In Symmetry contrast to the cyclic flowers are those, as in Magnoli of the flower.

aceae, where the parts are in spirals acyclic. Flowers which are cyclic at one portion and spiral at another, as in many Ranunculaceae, are termed spiral flowers the distinction into series is by no means easy, and usually there is a gradual passage from sepaloid through petaloid to birthday flowers free delivery parts, as in the water-lily family, Nymphaeaceae figs.

3 1, 32, although in some plants there is no such distinction, the FIG. article 32, successive stages, a-f, in the transition from birthday flowers free delivery to stamens. Normally, the parts of successive whorls alternate; but in some cases we find the parts of one whorl opposite or birthday flowers free delivery to those of the next some cases, as in the vine-family Ampelidaceae, this seems to be the ordinary mode of development, but the superposition of the stamens on the sepals in many plants, as in the pink family, Caryophyllaceae, is due to the suppression or abortion of the whorl of birthday flowers free delivery, and this idea is borne out by the development, in some plants of the order, of the suppressed a rule, whenever we find the parts of one whorl superposed on those of another we may suspect some abnormality.

A flower is said to be symmetrical when each of its whorls consists of an equal number of parts, or when the parts of any one whorl are multiples of that preceding it. Thus, a symmetrical flower may have five sepals, five petals, five stamens and five carpels, or the number of any of these parts may be ten, twenty or some multiple of five.

23 is a diagram of a symmetrical flower, with five parts in each whorl, alternating with each other. 33 is a diagram of a symmetrical flower of stone-crop, with five sepals, five alternating petals, ten stamens and five the number of parts in the staminal whorl is double that birthday flowers free delivery the others, and in such a case the additional five parts form a second row alternating with the the staminal whorl especially it is common to find additional rows.

34 shows a symmetrical flower, with five parts in the three outer rows, and ten divisions in the this case it is the gynoecium which has an additional number of parts. 35 shows a flower of heath, with four divisions of the calyx and corolla, eight stamens in two rows, and four divisions of the fig. article 36 there are three parts in each whorl; and in fig. 37 there are three divisions of the calyx, corolla and pistil, and six stamens in two all these cases the flower is Monocotyledons it is usual for the staminal whorl to be double, it rarely having more than two rows, whilst amongst dicotyledons there are often very numerous rows of floral envelopes are rarely in which the number of birthday flowers free delivery in each whorl is the same, are isomerous of equal birthday flowers free delivery when the number in some of the whorls is different, the flower is anisomerous of unequal number.

The pistillate whorl is very liable to frequently happens that when it is fully formed, the number of its parts is not in conformity with that of the other such circumstances, however, a flower has been called symmetrical, provided the parts of the other whorls are normal, - the permanent state of the pistil not being taken into account in determining fig.

38 shows a pentamerous symmetrical flower, with dimerous pistil. Symmetry, then, in botanical language, has reference to a certain definite numerical relation of parts. A flower in which the parts are arranged in twos is called dimerous; when the birthday flowers free delivery of the whorls are three, four or five, the flower flower gift delivery in london trimerous, tetramerous or pentamerous, symmetry which is most commonly met with is trimerous and pentamerous - the former occurring generally among monocotyledons, the latter among and tetramerous symmetry occur also among dicotyledons.

article The various parts birthday flowers free delivery the flower have a certain definite relation to the axis. 35, one sepal is next the axis, and birthday flowers free delivery called superior or posterior; another is next the bract, and is inferior or anterior, and the other two are lateral; and certain terms are used to indicate that position.

A plane passing through the anterior and posterior sepal and through the floral axis is termed the median plane of the flower; a plane cutting it at right angles, and passing through the lateral sepals, is the lateral plane; whilst the planes which bisect the ?. 11 4lll!0 FIG. - Diagrammatic section of a symmetrical pentamerous flower of Stone-crop Sedum, consisting of five sepals s, five petals p alternating with the sepals, ten stamens a in two birthday flowers free delivery, and five carpels c containing dark lines d on the outside of the carpels are glands.

- Diagram of the flower of Flax Linum, consisting of five sepals s, five petals p, five stamens a, and five carpels c, each of which is partially divided into dots represent a whorl of stamens which has is pentamerous, complete, symmetrical and regular. article - Diagram of the symmetrical trimerous flower of Fritillary Fritillaria. - Diagram of the flower of Saxifrage Saxifraga tridactylites.

The calyx and corolla consist of five parts, the stamens are ten in two rows, while birthday flowers free delivery pistil has only two parts developed. birthday flowers free delivery formed by the lateral and median planes are birthday flowers free delivery diagonal planes and in these flowers the petals which alternate with birthday flowers free delivery sepals are cut by the diagonal planes. while the odd sepal is the order Scrophulariaceae one of the two carpels is posterior and the other anterior, whilst in Convolvulaceae the carpels are arranged the twisting of a part makes a change in the position of other parts, as in Orchids, where the twisting of the ovary changes the position of the labellum.

When the different members of each whorl are like in size and shape, the flower is said to be regular; while differences in the size and shape of the parts of a whorl make the flower irregular, as in the papilionaceous flower, represented in fig. When a flower can be divided by a single plane into two exactly similar parts, then it is said to be flowers as Papilionaceae, Labiatae, are contrast with this are polysymmetrical or actinomorphic flowers, which have a radial symmetry and can be divided by several planes into several exactly similar portions; such are all regular, symmetrical the parts of any whorl are not equal to or some multiple of the others, then the flower 15 want of symmetry may be brought about in various in birthday flowers free delivery symmetrical arrangement as well as in the completeness and regularity of flowers has been traced to suppression or the non-development of parts, degeneration or imperfect formation, cohesion or union of parts of the same whorl, adhesion or union of the parts of different whorls, multiplication of parts, and deduplication sometimes called chorisis or splitting of parts.

article Cohesion, or the union of parts of the same whorl, and adhesion, or the growing together of parts of different whorls, are causes of change both as regards form and in Cucurbita the stamens are birthday flowers free delivery five in number, but subsequently some cohere, so that three stamens only are seen in the mature is well seen in the gynostemium of orchids, where the stamens and stigmas Capparidaceae the calyx and petals occupy their usual position, but the axis is prolonged in the form of a gynophore, to which the birthday flowers free delivery are united.

Multiplication, or an increase of the number of parts, gives rise to have already alluded to the interposition of new members in a takes place chiefly in the staminal whorl, but usually the additional parts produced form a symmetrical whorl with the some instances, however, this is not the in the horse-chestnut there is an interposition of two stamens, and thus seven stamens are formed in the flower, which is asymmetrical.

Parts of the flower are often increased by a process of deduplication, or chorisis, i.