Article In the helicoid cyme there is also a false axis formed by the basal portion of the separate axes, but the flowers are not placed in a double row, but in a single row, and form a spiral or helix round the false Alstroemeria, as represented in fig. 18, the axis a l ends in a flower cut off in the figure and bears a the axil of this leaf, that is, between it and the primary axis a l arises a secondary axis a2, ending in a flower f 2and producing a leaf about the the axil of this leaf a tertiary floral axis a 3, ending in a flower f 3, takes this case the axes are not arranged in two rows along one side of the false axis, but are placed at regular intervals, so as to form an elongated spiral round it.

Compound definite inflorescences are by no means common, but in Streptocarpus polyanthus and in several calceolarias we probably have there are scorpioid cymes of pairs of flowers, each pair consisting of an older and a younger flower.

Forms of inflorescence occur, in which both the definite and indefinite types are represented - mixed in Composite plants,such as hawkweeds Hieracia and ragworts Senecio, fig.

21, the heads of flowers,Mixe d taken as a whole, are developed centrifugally, the terminal head first, while the florets, or small flowers on the receptacle, open centripetally, those at the circumference also in Labiatae, such as dead-nettle Lamium, the flower delivery jersey whorls of inflorescence are developed centripetally, while the florets of the verticillaster are mixed character presents difficulties in such cases as Labiatae, where the leaves, in place of retaining their ordinary form, become bracts, and thus might lead to the supposition of the whole series of flowers being one such cases the cymes are described as spiked, racemose, or panicled, according to Saxifraga umbrosa London-pride and in the horse-chestnut we meet with a raceme of scorpioid cymes; in sea-pink, a capitulum of contracted scorpioid cymes flower delivery jersey called a glomerulus; in laurustinus, a compound umbel flower delivery jersey dichasial cymes; a scorpioid cyme of capitula flower delivery jersey Vernonia so-called catkins of the birch are, in reality, spikes of contracted dichasial the bell-flower Campanula there is a flower delivery jersey uniparous the privet Ligustrum vulgare there are numerous racemes of dichasia arranged in a racemose manner along an axis; the whole inflorescence thus has an appearance not unlike a bunch of grapes, and has been flower delivery jersey a thyrsus.

article Elongated form, Forget-me-not, Symphytum, Henbane. Biparous Cyme Dichotomous,including 3-5chotomou3 Cymes Dichasium, Cymose Umbel, Anthela. Scorpioid Cyme of Capitula, Vernonia scorpioides. Compound Umbel of Dichotomous Cymes,Laurustinus. Capitulum of contracted Scorpioid Cymes Glomerulus, Sea-pink. consists of the floral axis bearing the sporophylls carpels, usually with certain protective axis is usually very much contracted, no internodes being developed, and the portion bearing the floral leaves, termed the thalamus or torus, frequently expands into a conical, flattened or hollowed expansion; at other times, though rarely, the internodes are developed and it is this torus the parts of the flower are arranged in a crowded manner, usually forming a series of verticils, the parts of which alternate; but they are sometimes arranged spirally especially if the floral axis be a typical flower, as in fig.

22, we recognize four distinct whorls of leaves an outer whorl, the calyx of sepals; within it, another whorl, the parts alternating with those of the outer whorl, the corolla of petals; next a whorl of parts alternating with the parts of the corolla, the androecium of stamens; and in the centre the gynoecium of carpels.

23 is a diagrammatic representation of the arrangement of the parts of such a flower; it is known as flower delivery jersey floral flower is supposed to be cut transversely, and the parts of each whorl are distinguished by a different flower delivery jersey whorls the two internal, forming the sporophylls, constitute the essential organs of flower delivery jersey the two outer whorls are the protective coverings or floral sepals are generally of a greenish colour; their function is mainly protective, shielding the more flower delivery jersey internal organs before the flower petals are usually showy, and normally alternate with the sepals.

Sometimes, as usually in monocotyledons, the calyx and corolla are similar; in such cases the term perianth, or perigone, is applied. Thus, in the tulip, crocus, lily, speak of the parts of the perianth, in place of corolla, although in these plants there is an outer whorl calyx, of three parts, and an inner corolla, of a similar number, alternating with the parts of the calyx are flower delivery jersey appearance like petals they are said to be petaloid, as in some cases flower delivery jersey petals have the appearance of sepals, then they are sepaloid, as flower delivery jersey plants, as Nymphaea alba, where a spiral arrangement of the floral leaves occurs, it is not easy to say where the calyx ends and the corolla begins, as these two whorls pass insensibly into each both calyx and corolla are present, flower delivery jersey plants are dichlamydeous; when one only is present, the flower is termed monochlamydeous or apetalous, having no petals fig.

Sometimes both are absent, when the flower is achlamydeous, or naked, as in outermost series of the essential organs, collectively termed the androecium, is composed of the microsporophylls known as the staminal leaves or their most differentiated form each consists of a stalk, the filament fig. 25, f, supporting at its flower delivery 85260 the anther a, consisting of the pollen-sacs which contain the powdery pollen p, the microspores, which is ultimately discharged gynoecium or pistil is the central portion of the flower, terminating the floral consists of one or more carpels megasporophylls, either separate fig.

The flower delivery jersey distinguished in the pistil are the ovary fig. The androecium and gynoecium are not flower delivery jersey in all both are present the flower is hermaphrodite; and in descriptive botany flower delivery jersey a flower is indicated by the symbol l. When only one of those organs is present the flower is unisexual or diclinous, and is either male staminate, jor female pistillate, ?.

A flower then normally consists of the four series flower delivery jersey leaves - calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium Flower delivery jersey and when these are all present the flower is are usually densely crowded upon the thalamus, but in some instances, after apical growth flower delivery jersey ceased in the axis, an elongation of portions of the receptacle by intercalary growth occurs, by which changes in the position of the parts may be brought in Lychnis an elongation of the axis betwixt flower delivery jersey calyx and flower delivery jersey corolla takes place, and in this way they are separated by an interval.

Again, in the passion-flower Passiflora the stamens are separated from the corolla by an elongated portion of the axis, flower delivery jersey has consequently been termed the andro phone, and in Passiflora also, fraxinella fig. 27, Capparidaceae, and flower delivery jersey other plants, flower delivery jersey ovary is raised upon a distinct stalk termed the gynophore; it is thus separated from the stamens, and is said to be the successive whorls of flower delivery jersey flower, disposed from below upwards or from without inwards upon the floral axis, are of the same number of parts, or are a multiple of the same number of parts, those of one whorl alternating with those of the whorls next it.

article In the more primitive types of flowers flower delivery jersey torus is more or less convex, and the series of organs follow in regular succession, culminating flower delivery jersey the carpels, in the formation of which the growth of the axis is closed fig.

This arrangement is flower delivery jersey as hypogynous, the other series calyx, corolla and stamens being beneath hypo- the other cases, the apex of flower delivery jersey growing point ceases to develop, and the parts below form a cup around it, from the rim of which flower delivery jersey outer members of the flower are developed around peri- the carpels, which are formed from the apex of the growing-point at the bottom of the arrangement is known as perigynous fig.

In many cases this is carried farther and a cavity is formed which is roofed over The flower stamens and FIG. - Monochlamydeous apetalous flower of Goosefoot Flower delivery jersey, consisting of a single perianth calyx of five parts, enclosing five stamens, which are opposite the divisions flower delivery jersey the perianth, owing to the absence of the petals. - Stamen, consisting of a filament stalk f and an anther a, containing the pollen p, which is discharged through slits in the two lobes of the anther.

article The pistil is placed on the receptacle r, at the extremity of the peduncle. - Calyx and pistil of Fraxinella Dictamnus Fraxinella. The pistil consists of several carpels, which are elevated on a stalk or gynophore prolonged from the receptacle. by the flower delivery jersey, so that the outer members of the flower spring from the edge flower delivery jersey the receptacle which is immediately above the ovary epigynous, hence the term epigyny fig.

When a flower consists of parts flower delivery jersey in whorls it flower delivery jersey said to be cyclic, and if all the whorls have an equal flower delivery jersey of parts and flower delivery jersey alternate it is eucyclic flower delivery jersey. In Symmetry contrast to the cyclic flowers are those, as in Magnoli of the flower.

aceae, where the parts are in spirals acyclic. Flowers which are cyclic at one portion and spiral flower delivery jersey another, as in many Ranunculaceae, are termed spiral flowers the distinction into series is by no means easy, and usually there is a gradual passage from sepaloid through petaloid to staminal parts, as in the water-lily family, Nymphaeaceae figs.

Flower delivery jersey 1, 32, although in some plants there is no such distinction, the FIG. article 32, successive stages, a-f, in the transition from petals to stamens. Flower delivery jersey, the parts of successive whorls alternate; but in some cases we find the parts of one whorl opposite or superposed to those of the next some cases, flower delivery jersey in the vine-family Ampelidaceae, this seems to be the flower delivery jersey mode of development, but the superposition of the stamens on the sepals in flower delivery jersey plants, as in the pink family, Caryophyllaceae, is due to the suppression or abortion flower delivery jersey the whorl of petals, and this idea is borne out by the development, in some plants of the order, of the suppressed a rule, whenever we find the parts of one whorl superposed on those of another we may suspect some abnormality.

A flower is said to be symmetrical when each of its whorls consists of an equal number of parts, or when the parts of any one whorl are multiples of that preceding it. Thus, a symmetrical flower may have five sepals, five flower delivery jersey, five stamens and five carpels, or the number of any of these parts may be ten, twenty or some multiple of five.

23 is a diagram of a symmetrical flower, flower delivery jersey five parts in flower delivery jersey whorl, alternating with each other. 33 is a diagram of a symmetrical flower of stone-crop, with five sepals, flower delivery jersey alternating petals, ten stamens and five the number of parts in the staminal whorl is double that in the others, and in such a case the additional five parts form a second row alternating with flower delivery jersey the staminal whorl especially it is common flower delivery jersey find additional rows.

34 shows a symmetrical flower, with five parts in the flower delivery jersey outer rows, and ten divisions in the this case it is the gynoecium which has an additional number of parts. 35 shows a flower of heath, with four divisions of the calyx and corolla, eight stamens in two rows, and flower delivery jersey divisions of the fig.

article 36 there are three parts in each whorl; and in fig. 37 there are three divisions of the calyx, corolla and pistil, and six stamens in two all these cases the flower delivery jersey is Monocotyledons it is usual for the staminal whorl to be double, it rarely flower delivery jersey more than two rows, whilst amongst dicotyledons there are often very numerous flower delivery jersey of floral envelopes are rarely in which the number of parts in each whorl is the same, are isomerous of equal number; when the number in some of the whorls is different, the flower is anisomerous of unequal number.

The pistillate flower delivery jersey is very liable to frequently happens that when it is fully formed, the number of its parts is not in conformity with that of the other such circumstances, flower delivery jersey, a flower has been called symmetrical, provided the parts of the other whorls are normal, - the permanent state of the pistil not being taken into account in determining fig. 38 shows a pentamerous symmetrical flower, with dimerous pistil.

Symmetry, then, in botanical language, has reference to a certain definite numerical relation of parts. A flower in which the parts are arranged in twos is called dimerous; when the parts of the whorls are three, four or five, the flower is trimerous, tetramerous or flower delivery jersey, symmetry which is most commonly met with is trimerous and pentamerous - the former occurring generally among monocotyledons, the latter among and tetramerous symmetry occur also among dicotyledons.

article The various parts of flower delivery jersey flower have a certain definite relation to the axis. 35, flower delivery jersey sepal is next the axis, and is called superior flower delivery jersey posterior; another is next the bract, and is inferior or anterior, and the other two are lateral; and certain terms are used to indicate that position.

A plane passing through the anterior and posterior sepal and through the floral axis is termed the median plane of the flower; a plane cutting it at right angles, and passing through flower delivery jersey lateral sepals, is the lateral plane; whilst the planes which bisect the ?.

11 4lll!0 FIG.