Article - Pollinia, or pollen-masses, with their retinacula g or viscid matter attaching them at the pollen masses p are supported on stalks or caudicles c. These masses are easily detached by the agency of enlarged. caudicular appendage, ending in a common gland, by means of which they are attached to a process of the pollinia are also provided with an appendicular staminal covering fig. The extine is a firm membrane, which defines the figure of the pollen-grain, and gives colour to it.

It is either smooth, or covered with numerous projections fig. 81, granules, delivery services for flowers and gifts or crested colour is generally yellow, and the surface is often covered with a viscid or oily intine is uniform in different kinds of pollen, thin and transparent, and possesses great power of some aquatics, as Zostera, Zannichellia, Delivery services for flowers and gifts, c. Pollen-grains vary from a o 0 - to o-y of an inch or less in forms are most common form of grain is ellipsoidal, more or less narrow at the extremities, which are called its poles, in contradistinction to a line equidistant from the extremities, which is its equator.

Pollen-grains are also spherical; cylindrical and curved, as in Tradescantia virginica; C From Vines Students Text-Book of Botany, by permission of Swan Sonnenschein Co. article - Germinating pollengrain of Epilobium highly mag. bearing a pollen-tube s; e, exine; intine; abc, the three spots where the exine is thicker in anticipation of the formation of the pollen-tube developed in this case at a.

polyhedral in Dipsacaceae and Compositae; nearly triangular in section in Proteaceae and Onagraceae fig. The surface of the pollen-grain is either uniform and homogeneous, or it is marked by folds formed by thinnings of the are also rounded portions of the membrane or pores visible in the pollengrain; these vary in number from one to fifty, and through one FIG.

- Corolla of foxglove Digitalis purpurea, cut in order to show the didynamous stamens two long and two short which are attached to it. - Male flower of Pellitory Parietaria officinalis, having four stamens with incurved elastic filaments, and an abortive pistil in the the perianth p expands, the filaments are thrown out with force as at a, so as to scatter the pollen.

When the pollen-grains are ripe, the anther dehisces and the pollen is order that fertilization may be effected the pollen must be conveyed to the stigma of the pistil. article Polling- Thisrocess termed pollination see Pollination. p p is promoted in various ways, the whole form and structure of the flower having relation to the some plants, as Kalmia and Pellitory fig. 83, the mere delivery services for flowers and gifts of the filaments is sufficient to effect this; in other plants pollination is effected flower delivery okc the wind, as in most of our forest trees, grasses, c.and in such delivery services for flowers and gifts enormous quantities of pollen are plants are anemophilous.

But the common agents for pollination are allure and attract them to visit the flower the odoriferous secretions and gay colours are developed, and the position delivery services for flowers and gifts complicated structure of the parts of the flower are adapted to the perfect performance of the process, It is comparatively rare in hermaphrodite flowers for self-fertilization to occur, and the various forms of dichogamy, dimorphism and trimorphism are fitted delivery services for flowers and gifts prevent this.

Under the term delivery services for flowers and gifts is included every structure intervening between the stamens and the was to such the name of nectary was applied by old authors. article It presents great varieties of form, such as a ring, scales, glands, hairs, petaloid appendages, c.and in the progress of growth it often contains saccharine matter, thus becoming truly disk is frequently formed by degeneration or transformation of the staminal may consist of processes rising from the torus, alternating with the stamens, and thus representing an abortive whorl; or its parts may be opposite to the some flowers, as Jatropha Curcas, in which the stamens are not developed, their place is occupied by glandular bodies forming the Gesneraceae and Cruciferae the disk consists of toothlike scales at the base of the parts composing the disk sometimes unite and form a glandular ring, as in the orange; or they form a dark-red lamina covering the pistil, as in Paeonia Moutan fig.

- Flower of Tree waxy lining of the hollow receptacle, Paeony Paeonia Moutan, as in the rose; or a swelling at the deprived of its corolla, and top of the ovary, as in Umbelliferae, showing the disk in the form in which the disk is said to be of a fleshy expansion delivery services for flowers and gifts ep i enlarged torus covering the ovary.

article When a pistil consists of a single carpel it is simple or monocarpellary fig. When it is composed of several carpels, more or less united, it is compound or polycarpellary fig.

- Vertical section of the flower of Black Hellebore Helleborus niger. - Fruit of the Strawberry Fragaria vesca, consisting of an enlarged succulent receptacle, bearing on its surface the small dry seed-like fruits achenes.

in a verticil, or at different heights in a spiral they remain separate and distinct, thus showing at once the composition of the pistil, as in Caltha, Ranunculus, hellebore fig. 86, and Spiraea, the term apocarpous is applied. 2 2 the pistil consists of five verticillate carpels o, alternating with the stamens e.

89 the separate carpels are numerous and are arranged in a delivery services for flowers and gifts cycle upon an elongated axis or the raspberry the carpels are on a conical receptacle; in the strawberry, on a swollen succulent one fig. 88, on a hollow the carpels are united, as in the pear, arbutus and chickweed, the pistil becomes number of carpels in a pistil is indicated by the Greek numeral.

Delivery services for flowers and gifts flower with a simple pistil is monogynous; with two carpels, digynous; with three carpels, trigynous, c. article The ovules are attached to the placenta, which consists of a mass of cellular tissue, through which the nourishing vessels pass to the delivery services for flowers and gifts is usually formed on the edges of the carpellary leaf fig.

In many cases, however, the placentas are formations from the axis axile, and are not connected with the carpellary marginal placentation the part of the carpel bearing the placenta is the inner or ventral suture, corresponding to the margin of the folded carpellary leaf, delivery services for flowers and gifts the outer or dorsal suture corresponds to the midrib of the carpellary the placenta is formed on each margin of the carpel it is essentially is seen in cases where the margins of the carpel do not unite, but remain separate, and consequently two placentas are formed in place of the pistil is formed by one carpel the inner margins unite and form usually a common marginal placenta, which may extend FIG.

1 ovules, developing to form Y g 9, the fruit. apocarpous, there are generally separ ate placentas at each of their a syncarpous pistil, on the other hand, the carpels are so united that the edges of each of the contiguous ones, by their union, form a septum or dissepiment, and the number of these septa consequently indicates the number of carpels in the compound pistil fig.

article - Diagrammatic section of a quinquelocular ovary, composed of five carpels, the edges of which are folded inwards, and meet in the centre forming the septa, s. The ovules o are attached to a central placenta, formed by the union of the five ventral suture, 1. - Diagrammatic section of a five-carpellary ovary, in which the edges of the carpels, bearing the placentas and ovules o, are not folded placentas are parietal, and the ovules appear sessile on the walls of the ovary is unilocular.